123 government and institutional LCAs — from national laboratories, government agencies, and international scientific bodies. 200+ peer-reviewed academic papers from Nature, Science, IPCC, The Lancet, and the leading journals. 215 million-plus scientific data points. Every score cited and traceable to its source — no other consumer carbon score does this. The same datasets EU CSRD, US SEC, CARB, and CBAM regulators use. Zero commercial databases. Every number Carbon Sight publishes traces to a citable source you can read for yourself.
The supermodel
The largest reference-grade carbon model on Earth.
Most carbon platforms ship one or two databases and call it done.
We're building something different. One hundred twenty-three government and institutional LCAs live in the engine today — from national laboratories like Argonne and NREL, government agencies like EPA, ADEME, and DEFRA, international scientific bodies like the IPCC, FAO, and IRENA, and verified industry registries. The same datasets used by EU CSRD, US SEC, CARB, and CBAM regulators.
Plus two hundred-plus peer-reviewed academic papers — from Nature, Science, IPCC, The Lancet, and the leading life cycle assessment journals. Two hundred fifteen million-plus scientific data points synthesized on every score. New sources added every week.
The regulatory backbone and the academic backbone, in one engine that anyone can audit.
Every Carbon Sight score traces back to its source — every paper named, every government inventory linked, every measurement verifiable. No other consumer carbon score does this. When you scan a banana, you can pull up the underlying papers. When you certify a SKU, the certificate lists every citation by name.
The goal is every public LCA on Earth synthesized into one reference-grade model.
No commercial databases. No offsets. No exceptions. No black boxes.
It hasn't been done before. We're doing it now.
123 independent regulator-grade LCAs, each maintained by an institution that actually files regulatory carbon pathways for a living — Argonne National Laboratory, EPA, NREL, ADEME, DEFRA, IPCC, FAO, IRENA, the European plastics industry, the UK building research community, Apple's own product team, and growing. Plus 200+ peer-reviewed academic papers from Nature, Science, IPCC, The Lancet, the Journal of Industrial Ecology, and every meta-analysis worth citing — the academic backbone.
When you scan a coffee cup, ten of these sources contribute a piece of the answer. When you scan a phone, fifteen sources cross-check each other. You see one number. Behind it: the supermodel, cross-referenced and citable to the last gram.
Live
GREET 4.0
Argonne National Laboratory · U.S. Department of Energy
Process-level life-cycle model covering fuels, vehicles, materials, and electricity grids. The same dataset used by the California Air Resources Board for LCFS pathway approvals. Updates annually.
Public domain · U.S. focus · 27 eGRID subregions
greet.es.anl.gov ↗
Live
USEEIO v1.3
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors covering 1,016 NAICS-coded commodities. Used for sector-level scope 3 reporting. Expressed in kg CO₂e per 2022 USD.
Public domain · 1,016 commodities · v1.3 (2024)
epa.gov/useeio ↗
Live
USLCI
National Renewable Energy Laboratory · Federal LCA Commons
U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. Process-level emission factors for industrial inputs — steel, plastics, electricity, transport, building materials. Continuously updated.
Public domain · U.S. focus · 1,000+ unit processes
lcacommons.gov ↗
Live
Open Food Facts
Open Food Facts contributors
Crowd-sourced food product database with growing carbon data coverage from manufacturers and French environmental labeling. Queried in real time on every barcode scan.
ODbL open license · 3M+ products globally
world.openfoodfacts.org ↗
Live
Poore & Nemecek 2018
Joseph Poore (Oxford) & Thomas Nemecek (Agroscope) · Science journal
"Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers." The benchmark dataset for food carbon intensity. Underpins our Tier 3 per-kilogram references.
Open access · 38,700 farms · 119 countries
science.org ↗
Live
Manufacturer EPDs & PERs
Apple, Tesla, Patagonia, Oatly, Coca-Cola, P&G, Samsung, Nestlé, Unilever, Nike, etc.
Direct manufacturer-published Product Environmental Reports and Environmental Product Declarations. Each Tier 1 catalog item links to its source PDF. Confidence is the manufacturer's own stated uncertainty.
Public · 453 Tier 1 items current
See methodology ↗
Live
EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA's comprehensive annual emission factors for organizational GHG reporting. Covers stationary combustion, mobile fuels, refrigerants, electricity, waste, and business travel. The reference for U.S. corporate scope 1/2/3 inventories.
Public domain · 700+ factors · 2024 edition
epa.gov/ghg-hub ↗
Live
Agribalyse 3.2
ADEME · French Agency for Ecological Transition
2,517 audited food and agricultural products with full LCA. Underpins France's mandatory environmental labeling law (Loi Climat et Résilience). The most rigorous food LCA database outside Poore & Nemecek.
Free (ETALAB license) · 2,517 products · PEF 3.1 methodology
agribalyse.fr ↗
Live
DEFRA UK Conversion Factors 2024
UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
UK government's annual GHG conversion factors. Used by every UK company for mandatory carbon reporting (SECR). The international peer to EPA's EF Hub, with more rigorous transport coverage (includes radiative forcing for flights).
UK Open Government License v3 · Transport, fuels, refrigerants · 2024 edition
gov.uk ↗
Live
PlasticsEurope Eco-profiles
PlasticsEurope (European plastics industry association)
Cradle-to-gate LCI data for every major plastic monomer and polymer family. The canonical reference for plastic-packaging carbon. Reports use ISO 14040/14044 with European weighted-average production. Critical for any CPG packaging analysis.
Open citable values · 35+ polymer/monomer families · 2020-2022
plasticseurope.org ↗
Live
EC3 Building Transparency
Building Transparency · 501(c)(3)
Largest open-access EPD database globally with 300,000+ verified product declarations for construction materials — cement, concrete, steel, aluminum, glass, insulation, wood. Used by Autodesk, Bentley, cove.tool. Adapter ships with industry-average baselines; full per-product API integration in progress.
Open access · 39 material baselines + 300K+ products via API · ISO 21930 / EN 15804+A2
buildingtransparency.org ↗
Live
ICE Database v3
University of Bath · Circular Ecology (Hammond & Jones)
Inventory of Carbon and Energy. UK/European production-mix values for building materials, complementing EC3's US focus. Cited in PAS 2080, RICS Whole Life Carbon, and most embodied-carbon academic work. Used by 50,000+ professionals globally.
Free with registration · 58 materials curated, 400+ in full database · UK/EU
circularecology.com ↗
Live
EPA WARM v16
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Waste Reduction Model. Net emission factors for end-of-life pathways — recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion, combustion (WTE), landfill, source reduction. Unlocks cradle-to-grave system boundary. Recycling factors are typically negative (net carbon benefit from avoided virgin production).
Public domain · 58 material-pathway combinations · v16 (2023)
epa.gov/warm ↗
Live
FEFCO Industry Average Database
European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers
Industry-wide LCA for European corrugated cardboard. The universal packaging backbone — every shipped product touches this material. Covers virgin and recycled grades, single- through triple-wall constructions, and end-of-life recovery scenarios. ISO 14040/14044, EU weighted-average production (84% recycled fiber).
Free industry publication · 19 grades and configurations · 2018 study
fefco.org ↗
Live
Ökobaudat 2024
BMWSB / German Federal Ministry for Housing
Germany's official EN 15804+A2 construction LCA database. The European peer to EC3 baselines. Covers cement, concrete, structural steel, timber, insulation, glass, plastics, and roofing, every entry compliant with EU CPR product category rules. Public-domain dataset used by every German building energy certification.
Public domain · 35 EN 15804 EPDs · 2024 release
oekobaudat.de ↗
Live
EPA eGRID 2022
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
The definitive U.S. electricity grid emissions dataset. Plant-level and subregion-level emission rates for every one of the 26 US grid regions, released January 2024 with 2022 generation data. The reference behind every credible Scope 2 calculation in the United States.
Public domain · 30 subregion + national factors · GWP100 AR5
epa.gov/egrid ↗
Live
IPCC EFDB
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / IGES
The authoritative global fallback. Curated Tier 1 defaults from IPCC 2006 Guidelines + 2019 Refinement plus AR6 WG1 GWP100 values. Surfaces what regional inventories don't expose: stationary fuels in kg CO₂/GJ, livestock enteric CH₄, synthetic-N fertilizer N₂O, industrial process emissions, wastewater, and managed landfill defaults. Used by every UNFCCC party as the basis for national inventory reporting.
Open / citable · 68 factors across 8 categories · AR6 GWP100
ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp ↗
Live
International EPD System
EPD International AB · Sweden
The world's largest EPD program (ISO 14025 / EN 15804+A2), with 15,000+ verified declarations. This integration surfaces the gap categories no other source in the stack covers: textile and apparel fibers (cotton, wool, lyocell, polyester, nylon — 14 material-level records), Nordic paper and pulp, Norwegian farmed salmon, Nordic grain and pork, SSAB fossil-free and EAF steel, Li-ion battery cells and PCBs. Third-party-verified; TIER_A records carry EPD registration numbers.
Free search / open EPDs · 39 records · 8 gap categories
environdec.com ↗
The next 15 sources scheduled for integration into the Carbon Sight engine over the coming weeks of focused work. Each adds either depth, geographic coverage, or sector coverage that the current stack lacks.
These sources we have reviewed, cite in our methodology, or plan to ingest later. They expand coverage to additional geographies, sectors, and specialty domains. Many will move to "Queued" status as we work through them.
Referenced
AusLCI
Australian Life Cycle Assessment Society
2,900+ processes covering Australian agriculture, transport, construction materials, electricity. State-level granularity for major regions.
Free academic, paid commercial · Australia
auslci.com.au ↗
Referenced
BAFU 2025
Swiss Federal Office for the Environment
Swiss government LCA database. Free via openLCA Nexus. Strong for European-specific industrial and energy data.
Free · Switzerland
bafu.admin.ch ↗
Referenced
ProBas
German Federal Environment Agency (UBA)
German government's process-oriented basic data on environmental management. Energy, transport, materials, products. Free.
Free · Germany
probas.umweltbundesamt.de ↗
Referenced
HiQLCD
Chinese Life Cycle Database initiative
Real Chinese industrial practice data with regional variations. Cradle-to-grave inventory for products manufactured in China. Integrates with openLCA.
Partly free, partly paid · China
via openLCA ↗
Referenced
BONSAI
Aalborg University + Leiden University + CICERO
Fully open-source LCA database and tool. 1,000+ products across 40+ countries. Auto-updated from public data sources. Methodology aligns with Carbon Sight's public-domain ethos.
Open source (free) · Global
bonsai.uno ↗
Referenced
Idemat (TU Delft)
Delft University of Technology · Industrial Design Engineering
Materials database for eco-design. Includes eco-costs methodology. Updated annually (Idemat 2026). Used in FOOTPRINTCALC.
Free academic · Materials focus
ecocostsvalue.com ↗
Referenced
NIST BEES
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability. U.S. building products LCA with cost data. Overlap with EC3 and ICE.
Public domain · U.S. buildings
nist.gov ↗
Referenced
AISC Industry EPDs
American Institute of Steel Construction
Structural steel industry-wide EPDs. Annually updated GWP values for hot-rolled sections, plate, hollow structural sections, fabricated steel. Free download.
Free · U.S. steel · 4 product categories
aisc.org ↗
Referenced
Caltrans EPD Database
California Department of Transportation
EPDs for transportation construction materials — rebar, structural steel, flat glass, mineral wool insulation. Required under California's Buy Clean Act.
Free public · California transport construction
epd.dot.ca.gov ↗
Referenced
Athena Impact Estimator
Athena Sustainable Materials Institute
Whole-building LCA for North America. Free version available. Strong for full-building studies vs. individual product analysis.
Free version · North America · Whole buildings
calculatelca.com ↗
Referenced
ELCD
European Commission · Joint Research Centre
European Reference Life Cycle Database. EU-focused alternative to USLCI. Building materials, processes, energy.
Free · EU
eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu ↗
Referenced
NREL Materials Flows through Industry
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Energy and carbon impacts of major industrial commodities — steel, aluminum, cement, chemicals, paper. Complements USEEIO with process-level data.
Free (registration) · U.S. industry
nrel.gov/mfi ↗
Referenced
NETL Unit Processes
National Energy Technology Laboratory
Process-level LCA datasets for energy production — natural gas extraction, coal mining, hydrogen production, carbon capture. Specialty for utility-sector work.
Public domain · U.S. energy
netl.doe.gov/lca ↗
Referenced
CMU EIO-LCA
Carnegie Mellon University · Green Design Institute
Economic Input-Output LCA online tool. Sector emissions per dollar. Academic provenance; methodology similar to USEEIO but with longer history.
Free online · U.S. + select international
eiolca.net ↗
Referenced
Higg MSI Methodology
Cascale (formerly Sustainable Apparel Coalition)
Apparel and footwear materials sustainability methodology. Methodology document is public; data access is via Worldly platform. Industry standard for textiles.
Public methodology, gated data · Apparel
cascale.org ↗
Referenced
Cloud Carbon Footprint
Thoughtworks · open-source community
Open-source tool for measuring cloud computing emissions across AWS, Azure, GCP. Methodology and emission factors all public and on GitHub.
Apache 2.0 open source · Cloud computing
cloudcarbonfootprint.org ↗
Referenced
IEA Emissions Factors
International Energy Agency
Global electricity and heat generation emission factors. Authoritative for international electricity-related calculations.
Partly free · Global · Energy
iea.org ↗
Referenced
European Environment Agency EFs
European Environment Agency
EU electricity and heat emission factors. Country-by-country breakdown for OECD and non-OECD countries.
Free · EU + OECD
eea.europa.eu ↗
Referenced
GHG Protocol Cross-Sector Factors
World Resources Institute + World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Cross-sector emission factors and methodology guidance. The international standard for corporate carbon accounting.
Free · Global · Standard-setting
ghgprotocol.org ↗
Referenced
openLCA Nexus
GreenDelta
Largest catalog of LCA databases worldwide. Hosts Agribalyse, BAFU, BONSAI, ELCD, EF Reference Package, and many more. Adapter integration unlocks many databases at once.
Free aggregator · Global · Multi-database hub
nexus.openlca.org ↗
Referenced
FOOTPRINTDATA.org
FOOTPRINTDATA initiative
Curated aggregator of free environmental data tools. Discovery resource for new and emerging open data sources.
Free curation · Discovery
footprintdata.org ↗
Referenced
AssessCCUS
University of Michigan Global CO₂ Initiative
Curated reference list of LCA data sources with focus on industrial and energy applications. Useful for source discovery.
Free curation · Industrial/energy focus
assessccus.globalco2initiative.org ↗
Referenced
FOOTPRINTCALC + Idemat 2026
FOOTPRINTCALC team · includes TU Delft Idemat
Free Excel-based LCA calculator with embedded databases. Includes Idemat 2026 + BAFU 2025. Reference cross-check tool for our results.
Free · Multi-database calculator
footprintcalc.org ↗
Referenced
ISO 14083 Transport Standard
International Organization for Standardization
"Greenhouse gases — Quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions arising from transport chain operations." Published 2023. Now the global standard, based on GLEC.
Paid standard, methodology referenced · Global transport
iso.org ↗
Referenced
CO2emissiefactoren.be
Belgian industry initiative (CO2logic + EnergieID + BENOR)
Voluntary regularly-updated set of reliable CO2 emission factors for Belgium. Useful for European specific work.
Free · Belgium
co2emissiefactoren.be ↗
Referenced
IBU.data (Germany)
Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V.
German EPD program operator. Most German construction EPDs publish here. Mutual recognition with U.S. and global EPD programs.
Free EPD library · Germany · Construction
ibu-epd.com ↗
Referenced
baubook (Austria)
Bau EPD GmbH · Austria
Austrian national construction product database. Used for building certificates and housing subsidies in six Austrian federal states.
Free · Austria · Construction
baubook.info ↗
Referenced
UN Environment Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
UNEP datasets and methodology guidance. Environmental indicators, life cycle thinking principles. Foundational reference for international work.
Free · Global · UN-authoritative
unep.org ↗
Queued
World Steel Association EPDs
worldsteel.org · Brussels
Global industry-average cradle-to-gate EPDs for steel products: hot-rolled coil, cold-rolled coil, plate, wire rod, rebar, and galvanized sheet. Widely cited reference for steel-containing consumer products. Harmonized with EN 15804 and ISO 21930.
Free · Global · Metals · Annually updated
worldsteel.org ↗
Queued
CORRIM
Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials · University of Washington
Peer-reviewed life cycle data for US and Canadian wood products: softwood lumber, structural panels (OSB, plywood), glulam, CLT, and engineered wood. The authoritative LCA reference for timber construction in North America. Funded by USDA Forest Service.
Free · North America · Forest products
corrim.org ↗
Queued
WRAP UK Footprint Tools
Waste and Resources Action Programme · UK Gov-funded
Carbon footprint figures for food and drink categories, packaging materials, and textile items sold in the UK. Based on Cranfield University and independent LCA studies. Used by UK supermarkets and manufacturers for product-level carbon labelling.
Free · UK · Food, packaging, textiles
wrap.org.uk ↗
This page is a living document. New sources are added as they are reviewed by our methodology advisory board. Sources move from Referenced to Queued when an integration sprint is scheduled, and from Queued to Live when ingestion is complete and the source has been validated against existing references.
The library of derived components — the proprietary asset that emerges from synthesizing across all of these sources — is documented separately in our engine architecture. See the methodology page for the underlying tier system and confidence framework, or the public audit log for what we hand-verify each cycle.